The role of agroforestry in industrialized nations: the southern hemisphere perspective with special emphasis on Australia and New Zealand

Agroforestry in Australia and New Zealand is dominated by silvopastoralism. Farmers may employ combinations of shelterbelts, shade trees, widely spaced trees over pasture, or more densely planted woodlots. In addition to wood production and shelter, erosion control, amenity and landscape planting, and conservation of natural forest are often important. Many farm forestry people show considerable innovation.In temperate wetter areas of Australia, eucalyptus and, to a lesser extent,Pinus radiata (radiata pine) dominate agroforestry tree plantings for wood, shade, shelter, and salinisation and erosion prevention. The One Billion Tree Program, initiated by the Australian Federal Government, provides limited funding for tree planting. Joint farmer ventures with the State or local industry are also common. Most State governments also provide advice, and planting is tax deductible. Local landcare groups, formed to encourage sustainable agriculture, often promote tree planting, particularly where soil degradation is a problem. Melbourne University and other Techncial Institutes offer training in agroforestry.In New Zealand, a third of the farms require trees for soil conservation. This, together with the growing recognition of the financial benefits of planting trees, has resulted in small landowners doing most of the current planting of 80,000 to 100,000 ha yr^–1. Most farmers plant radiata pine, but eucalyptus and other hardwoods, including willows and poplars, are also widely used. There are almost no government incentives for tree planting in New Zealand. The Farm Forestry Association is the major extension organization. Lincoln University has an important teaching and research commitment, and the New Zealand Forest Research Institute Limited has developed very useful management models.     

钱塘江流域水土流失特点和动态分析

应用遥感技术和定点调查相结合的方法对钱塘江流域水土流失及其动态进行分析．钱塘江流域省内水土流失量占全省总流失量的４７．６６％．钱塘江中上游的金衢地区是水土流失较严重地区，面租达３９５５ｋｍ２，占该地区山地面积的２３．２５％，衢州市近１０年（１９８１～１９９０年）间统计，水土流失面积由原来的１５８６ｋｍ２增加到２６７５ｋｍ２，扩大６８、６６％；以经济林为主的常山县开发过程中强调水土保持措施，但流失面积仍扩大４７、３８％；．以用材林为主的开化县水土流失有急剧上升的趋势。文章讨论了钱塘江中上游近期水土流失的特点并提出综合治理的建议．     

杨树氮肥适宜用量试验研究

采用田间小区试验,在施用一定量磷钾的基础上,研究不同氮用量对江汉平原杨树的生长及材积量的影响。研究表明:杨树每株施用纯氮100g,材积量每hm~2比对照多增2.84m~3,增产率66.98％,差异达极显著水平;每株杨树施用氮素100g比施用氮素50g,材积量每hm~2多增1.16m~3,多增产19.59％;株施氮素100g比不施用氪素每hm~2净增收入624元,投产比1.00:2.74。综合分析,江汉平原杨树每株施用氮素100g为宜。     

香根草防治公路边坡水土流失试验研究

香根草在公路边坡上试验种植后生长情况良好，其发达的根系能有效治理公路边坡的水土流失．是生物工程治理公路边坡的一种较好植物，有推广发展的价值。     

水土流失地区的相思栽培技术

通过在新会市罗坑一带的严重水土流失地段营造相思的试验结果表明，造林后１年其郁闭度一般可达０．８～０．９，有效地覆盖光秃的林地，达到了控制水土流失的目的。文中针对水土流失地区的特点，提出了一整套在严重水土流失地上营造相思林的技术措施。     

不同条件下粉拟青霉菌的生长研究

对不同碳源、不同氮源、不同pH条件下的粉拟青霉菌Z26菌落直径和产孢量的生长情况的观察，筛选出此菌的最佳营养条件，C源为麦芽糖，N源为蛋白胨，PH值7—9。     

Comparative analyses on the litter in Korean pine Mongolian Scots pine and Dahurian Larch plantations

Comparative analyses were conducted on the nutrient element content and returning amount of main fractional compositions of litter in Korean pine (KP), Mongolian Scots pine (MSP) and Dahurian larch (DL) plantations in Laoshan Plantation Experiment Station of Maoershan Experiment Forest Farm of Northeast Forestry University. The results are as follows: (1) The nutrient element content and returning amount in litter varies among different fractional compositions and tree species, the total returning amount of all nutrient elements and the returning amount of K, Ca, Mg, N and P are DL > MSP > KP, the returning amount of Cu is DL > KP > MSP, the returning amount of Fe and Mn are MSP > DL > KP; (2) To KP and DL plantations, the main nutrient element returned is dead needles; dead branches, bark scales and dead cones account for a little proportion; whereas to MSP plantation, besides dead needles, dead branches and bark scales also play an important role in the return of nutrient elements; (3) A little deal of dead leaves can provided a great deal of returning amount of nutrient elements.     

毛竹尖胸沫蝉预测预报初步研究

提出了毛竹尖胸沫蝉林间虫情调查的最适取样数的确定方法,采用期距法进行该虫发生期中、短期预报;提出查5龄若虫的虫口密度预测来年低龄若虫的虫口基数,为该虫的预测预报提出了科学的方法。     

森林与可持续发展

可持续发展是人类社会全方位的发展、进步、优化选择,而森林是可持续发展的保障。当今,水土流失,耕地退化,土地沙化,水资源不足等诱发的生态环境恶化,是制约我国实施可持续发展战略的障碍因素,以及“温室效应”,无不与森林有关,最好,最有效的方法是造林种草。当今全世界人民齐声大合唱的最强音,是保护环境,保护森林。森林,是民族繁荣的标志。     

浙西生态保护区森林对径流量影响

通过对浙西生态保护区昌化溪流域长年降雨量、径流量、森林覆盖率和气温数据分析，评价该流域不同季节森林对河川径流量的影响，认为昌化溪流域森林对径流量的正效应，主要是由夏季森林反射太阳辅射引起的，决定径流量增减的主要因素是降雨量和气温。